Detect Ellipsoids¶

Group (Subgroup)¶

FiberToolbox (FiberToolbox)

Description¶

This Filter detects ellipsoids in an existing 2D Feature Ids array, and outputs a new 2D Detected Ellipsoids Feature Ids array that contains the outlines of all the ellipses that were found, as well as several other arrays that contain center coordinate, major axis length, minor axis length, and rotational angle values. The algorithm is based on a 1D accumulation array, and is described in the following paper:

[1] C. P. Przybyla, S. Bricker, J. P. Simmons, and R. Hardie, "Automated Microstructure-Properties Characterization and Simulation in Brittle Matrix Continuous Fiber Reinforced Composites.", 29th Annual Technical Conference of the American Society for Composites 2014, Vol. 1

Ellipse Detection Example¶

Feature Ids Array (Figure 1)

The ellipse detection algorithm processes a 2D Feature Ids array that contains objects that are segmented by feature. Figure 1 shows a snippet of the original Feature Ids array. Each object in Figure 1 has an assigned feature id between 1 - 6.

Detected Ellipsoids Outlines (Figure 2)

Figure 2 contains the outlines of the detected ellipses, which is one of the outputs of this filter. Some segmented objects may have multiple ellipses in them, so the algorithm separates out each additional ellipse and assigns it a new, unique feature id. In this case, the algorithm detected two ellipses in feature 4's object, so the second ellipse from feature 4 was assigned a feature id of 7.

Detected Ellipsoids Overlay (Figure 3)

In Figure 3, the outlines of the detected ellipses, colored in green, are overlayed on top of the original feature ids array.

Algorithm¶

The ellipse detection algorithm has 16 steps.

Find corner coordinates of each feature id and use them to calculate each feature id object's dimensions
Using the dimensions, copy the feature id object into its own 2D array.
Calculate the orientation matrix and hough circle matrix, then use them to create the convolution matrix
Find the gradient matrix of the object, and then convolute it with the convolution matrix found in Step 3.
Calculate the magnitude matrix of the convolution.
Smooth the magnitude matrix using a smoothing filter.
Find the max peak of the magnitude matrix to use as a threshold.
Create threshold matrix by copying values that are greater than (0.7 * maxPeak) from magnitude matrix.
Find all local extrema coordinates in the threshold matrix; the number of extrema values determines how many sub-objects are in the feature id object. Remember, some feature id objects could be made up of multiple ellipses. The coordinates of each extrema value is the center coordinate of each sub-object within the feature id object.
Create a mask array for the sub-object.
Compute the edge matrix of the sub-object, and use it along with the center coordinates to determine edge pairs that will be analyzed to determine if the sub-object is an ellipse.
Analyze each edge pair using an accumulation array to gain votes to help determine that the sub-object is an ellipse. The edge pair analysis algorithm is detailed in the scientific paper in the Description section above.
If the sub-object is found to be an ellipse, then store the center coordinates, major axis length, minor axis length, and rotational angle in their respective output arrays with the sub-object's feature id as the index. If an ellipse has already been found using this feature id (in other words, this is a feature id that has multiple ellipses in it), then generate a new, unique feature id and store this sub-object's information at that index instead.
Remove the sub-object from the feature id object's 2D array, and repeat steps 4-12 until either the feature id object has run out of sub-objects, or the total number of pixels in the feature id object is below a certain minimum pixel threshold.
Repeat steps 2-13 for each feature id in the Feature Ids array.
Plot each ellipse in Detected Ellipsoids Feature Ids array.

Parameters¶

Name	Type	Description
Min Fiber Axis Length (in units of image scale bar)	Integer	The minimum length of the fiber axis
Max Fiber Axis Length (in units of image scale bar)	Integer	The maximum length of the fiber axis
Threshold for Hough Transform	Double	Threshold used in the Hough Transform algorithm
Minimum Aspect Ratio	Double	Minimum Aspect Ratio
Length of Image Scale Bar (in units of image scale bar)	Integer	Length of the Image Scale Bar

Required Geometry¶

Image

Required Objects¶

Kind	Default Name	Type	Component Dimensions	Description
Cell Attribute Array	FeatureIds	int32_t	(1)	The Feature Ids array to analyze for ellipsoids
CellFeature Attribute Array	Active	bool	(1)	The array that denotes the Feature Ids that are active in the Feature Ids array

Created Objects¶

Kind	Default Name	Type	Component Dimensions	Description
Attribute Matrix	EllipsoidFeatureAttributeMatrix	Any	N/A	Attribute Matrix to store center coordinates, major axis length, minor axis length, and rotational angles arrays
CellFeature Attribute Array	EllipsoidsCenterCoords	int32_t	(2)	The center coordinates array of detected ellipsoids
CellFeature Attribute Array	EllipsoidsMajorAxisLength	int32_t	(1)	The major axis length array of detected ellipsoids
CellFeature Attribute Array	EllipsoidsMinorAxisLength	int32_t	(1)	The minor axis length array of detected ellipsoids
CellFeature Attribute Array	EllipsoidsRotationalAngles	int32_t	(1)	The rotational angles array of detected ellipsoids
Cell Attribute Array	DetectedEllipsoids	int32_t	(1)	The Feature Ids array that contains detected ellipsoids

Example Pipelines¶

License & Copyright¶

Please see the description file distributed with this plugin.

DREAM3D Mailing Lists¶

If you need more help with a filter, please consider asking your question on the DREAM3D Users mailing list: