Adaptive Alignment (Feature)

Group (Subgroup)

Unsupported (Anisotropy)

Description

This Filter attempts to align 'sections' of the sample perpendicular to the Z-direction by determining the position that results in the most overlap of previously defined "regions". The "regions" are defined by a boolean array where the Cells have been flagged by another Filter. Typically, during reading/processing of the data, each Cell is subject to a "quality metric" (or threshold) that defines if the Cell is good. This threshold can be used to define areas of each slice that are bad, either due to actual Features in the microstructure or external references inserted by the user/experimentalist. If these "regions" of bad Cells are believed to be consistent through sections, then this Filter will preserve that by aligning those "regions" on top of one another on consecutive sections.

This initial alignment is followed by a correction algorithm which adapts the shifts to a complementary criterion having one of the following forms:

1. Images of the mapped area taken from each slice by scanning electron microscope (EDAX).
2. User-defined shifts between the first and the last slice of the stack.

The initial alignment algorithm of this Filter is as follows:

1. Compare the value of the boolean array for each Cell in a section with the value of the array for the Cell directly above it in the next section.
2. Count the number of Cell pairs that do not have the same value and store that as the misalignment value for that position.
3. Repeat steps 1 and 2 for each position when shifting the second slice (relative to the first) from three (3) Cells to the left to three (3) Cells to the right, as well as from three (3) Cells up to three (3) Cells down. Note that this creates a 7x7 grid.
4. Determine the position in the 7x7 grid that has the lowest misalignment value. (It will be the position with the fewest different Cell pairs).
5. Repeat steps 1-4 with the center of each (new) 7x7 grid at the best position from the last 7x7 grid until the best position in the current/new 7x7 grid is the same as the last 7x7 grid.
6. Repeat steps 1-5 for each pair of neighboring sections.

Note that this is similar to a downhill simplex and can get caught in a local minimum!

The correction alignment algorithm of this Filter attempts to improve the complementary fit as follows:

1. Start with the shifts obtained by the initial algorithm, i.e., define the current shifts as those obtained from the initial algorithm for each pair of consecutive cross sections.
2. For each pair of consecutive cross sections, consider all the shifts checked within the alignment algorithm (7x7 grids), different from the current shift, which improve the complementary fit. From these shifts, find the candidate shift as that with the lowest misalignment value.
3. From the candidate shifts identified in step 2 (one candidate shift for each pair of consecutive sections), select the one with minimum difference between the misalignment value of the candidate shift and the misalignment value of the current shift. Change the current state by this candidate shift and recompute the complementary fit.
4. Repeat steps 2 - 3 until no improvement in the complementary fit is attained in step 2.

The user can choose to write the determined shift to an output file by enabling Write Alignment Shifts File and providing a file path.

Parameters

Name	Type	Description
Write Alignment Shift File	bool	Whether to write the shifts applied to each section to a file
Alignment File	File Path	The output file path where the user would like the shifts applied to the section to be written. Only needed if Write Alignment Shifts File is checked
Global Correction: SEM Images	bool	Whether to use SEM images for adaptive alignment.
Global Correction: Own Shifts	bool	Whether to set the shifts for adaptive alignment manually.
Total Shift In X-Direction (Microns)	float	Shift in X-direction between the first and the last slice of the stack in microns. Only needed if Global Correction: Own Shifts is checked.
Total Shift In Y-Direction (Microns)	float	Shift in Y-direction between the first and the last slice of the stack in microns. Only needed if Global Correction: Own Shifts is checked.

Required Geometry

Image

Required Objects

Kind	Default Name	Type	Component Dimensions	Description
Image Data Array	ImageData	uint8_t	any component size	Specifies image data containing the SEM images to be used for global correction of the shifts.
Cell Attribute Array	Mask	bool	(1)	Specifies if the Cell is to be counted as part of the sample or not.

Created Objects

None

Example Pipelines

License & Copyright

Please see the description file distributed with this Plugin

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