Align Sections (Mutual Information)¶
Group (Subgroup)¶
Reconstruction (Alignment)
Description¶
This Filter segments each 2D slice, creating Feature Ids that are used when determining the mutual information between neighboring slices. The slices are shifted relative to one another until the position of maximum mutual information is determined for each section. The Feature Ids are temporary, they apply to this Filter only and are not related to the Feature Ids generated in other Filters. The algorithm of this Filter is listed below:
- Segment Features on each 'section' of the sample perpendicular to the Z-direction. This is done using the same algorithm in the Segment Features (Misorientation) Filter (only in 2D on each section)
- Calculate the mutual information between neighboring sections and store that as the misalignment value for that position. Mutual information is related to the ratio of joint probability to individual probabilities of variables (i.e., p(x,y)/p(x)p(y) ). Details of the actual mutual information calculation can be found in the references below, but can be thought of as the inherent dependence between variables (here the Feature Ids on neighboring sections).
- Repeat step 2 for each position when shifting the second slice (relative to the first) from three (3) Cells to the left to three (3) Cells to the right, as well as from three (3) Cells up to three (3) Cells down Note that this creates a 7x7 grid
- Determine the position in the 7x7 grid that has the highest mutual information value
- Repeat steps 2-4 with the center of each (new) 7x7 grid at the best position from the last 7x7 grid until the best position in the current/new 7x7 grid is the same as the last 7x7 grid 6) Repeat steps 2-5 for each pair of neighboring sections
Note that this is similar to a downhill simplex and can get caught in a local minimum!
The user choses the level of misorientation tolerance by which to align Cells, where here the tolerance means the misorientation cannot exceed a given value. If the rotation angle is below the tolerance, then the Cell is grouped with other Cells that satisfy the criterion.
The approach used in this Filter is to group neighboring Cells on a slice that have a misorientation below the tolerance the user entered. Misorientation here means the minimum rotation angle of one Cell's crystal axis needed to coincide with another Cell's crystal axis. When the Features in the slices are defined, they are moved until disks in neighboring slices align with each other.
If the user elects to use a mask array, the Cells flagged as false in the mask array will not be considered during the alignment process.
The user can choose to write the determined shift to an output file by enabling Write Alignment Shifts File and providing a file path.
The user can also decide to remove a background shift present in the sample. The process for this is to fit a line to the X and Y shifts along the Z-direction of the sample. The individual shifts are then modified to make the slope of the fit line be 0. Effectively, this process is trying to keep the top and bottom section of the sample fixed. Some combinations of sample geometry and internal features can result in this algorithm introducing a 'shear' in the sample and the Linear Background Subtraction will attempt to correct for this.
Parameters¶
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Misorientation Tolerance | float | Tolerance used to decide if Cells above/below one another should be considered to be the same. The value selected should be similar to the tolerance one would use to define Features (i.e., 2-10 degrees) |
| Write Alignment Shift File | bool | Whether to write the shifts applied to each section to a file |
| Alignment File | File Path | The output file path where the user would like the shifts applied to the section to be written. Only needed if Write Alignment Shifts File is checked |
| Linear Background Subtraction | bool | Whether to remove a background shift present in the alignment |
| Use Mask Array | bool | Whether to remove some Cells from consideration in the alignment process |
Required Geometry¶
Image
Required Objects¶
| Kind | Default Name | Type | Component Dimensions | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cell Attribute Array | Quats | float | (4) | Specifies the orientation of the Cell in quaternion representation |
| Cell Attribute Array | Phases | int32_t | (1) | Specifies to which Ensemble each Cell belongs |
| Cell Attribute Array | Mask | bool | (1) | Specifies if the Cell is to be counted in the algorithm. Only required if Use Mask Array is checked |
| Ensemble Attribute Array | CrystalStructures | uint32_t | (1) | Enumeration representing the crystal structure for each Ensemble |
Created Objects¶
None
References¶
Journal articles on Mutual Information that are useful:
- Elements of information theory. John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY.Gray, R.M. (1990).
- Entropy and Information Theory. Springer-Verlag, New York, NY. Nirenberg, S. and Latham, P.E. (2003).
- Decoding neuronal spike trains: how important are correlations? Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 100:7348-7353. Shannon, C.E. and Weaver, W. (1949).
- The mathematical theory of communication. University of Illinois Press, Urbana, Illinois. M zard, M. and Monatanari, A. (2009).
- Information, Physics, and Computation. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Example Pipelines¶
License & Copyright¶
Please see the description file distributed with this Plugin
DREAM.3D Mailing Lists¶
If you need more help with a Filter, please consider asking your question on the DREAM.3D Users Google group!