EM/MPM¶
Group (Subgroup)¶
Reconstruction (Segmentation)
Description¶
This Filter performs the EM/MPM segmentation algorithm on an Attribute Array representing a grayscale image. The EM/MPM algorithm employs an advanced expectation maximization routine over Gaussian mixtures to determine an image segmeneation into a defined number of classes. The segmented image will be stored into a new Attribute Array with a user definable name. Note that the created segmentation will have Cell labels defining the class membership. Thus, the labels will be unsigned 8 bit integers, matching the incoming grayscale image. These labels can be considered Feature Ids for the purposes of most DREAM.3D analysis routines. However, DREAM.3D assumes that Feature Ids are signed 32 bit integers. It may therefore be required to use the Convert Attribute Data Type Filter to convert the segmented image labels from unsigned 8 bit integers to signed 32 bit integers for further analysis.
It is highly recommended that users consult references [1], [2], [3], and [4] for details on the impact of particular parameters on the EM/MPM algorithm.
Parameters¶
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Number of Classes | int32_t | The number of classes in which to segment the image |
| Exchange Energy | float | The value of the exchange energy |
| Histogram Loops (EM) | int32_t | The number of histogram loops (EM) to perform |
| Segmentation Loops (MPM) | int32_t | The number of segmentation loops (MPM) to perform |
| Use Simulated Annealing | bool | Apply the simulated annealing process |
| Use Gradient Penalty | bool | Use a penalty to gradients when segmenting |
| Gradient Penalty (Beta E) | float | The penalty to apply for gradients. Only needed if Use Gradient Penalty is checked |
| Use Curvature Penalty | bool | Use a penalty for curvature |
| Curvature Penalty | float | The penalty to use for curvatures. Only needed if Use Curvature Penalty is checked |
| R Max | float | The max radius for the curvature penalty. Only needed if Use Curvature Penalty is checked |
| EM Loop Delay | int32_t | The number of EM Loops to delay before applying the curvature penalty. Only needed if Use Curvature Penalty is checked |
| Use 1-Based Values | bool | Use 1-based values instead of 0-based values |
Required Geometry¶
Image
Required Objects¶
| Kind | Default Name | Type | Component Dimensions | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cell Attribute Array | None | uint8_t | (1) | 8 bit grayscale image to segment |
Created Objects¶
| Kind | Default Name | Type | Component Dimensions | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cell Attribute Array | None | uint8_t | (1) | Unsigned 8 bit array representing the value of the class that the Cell was segmented into |
References¶
[1] H.C. Chuang, M.L. Comer, J.P. Simmons, Texture Segmentation in Microstructure Images of Advanced Materials, In Proceedings of the 2008 IEEE Southwest Symposium on Image Analysis and Interpretation, March 24-26, 2008, Santa Fe, NM
[2] M.L. Comer, The EM/MPM Algorithm for Segmentation of Textured Images: Analysis and Further Experimental Results, IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, vol. 9, no. 10, October 2000.
[3] J.P. Simmons, P. Chuang, M. Comer, J.E. Spowart, M.D. Uchic, M. De Graef, Application and further development of advanced image processing algorithms for automated analysis of serial section image data, Modelling Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. 17 (2009).
[4] D. Doria, Expectation Maximization of Gaussian Mixture Models in VTK - Release 0.00, September 21, 2010, Insight Journal http://hdl.handle.net/10380/3218
Example Pipelines¶
License & Copyright¶
Please see the description file distributed with this Plugin
DREAM.3D Mailing Lists¶
If you need more help with a Filter, please consider asking your question on the DREAM.3D Users Google group!